Effects of Social Sustainability Initiatives on Community Well‑being: A Case Study of First Quantum Minerals Trident Limited, Kalumbila, Zambia

Abstract

This study examines the impact Social Sustainability Initiatives (SSIs) undertaken by First Quantum Minerals (FQM) Trident Limited in Kalumbila District, Zambia. Using a pragmatic mixed‑methods sequential explanatory design, data were collected from 272 questionnaire respondents including community members, FQM employees, and local leaders. This research also conducted 42 semi‑structured interviews with key stakeholders. Quantitative analyses (descriptive statistics, chi‑square tests, multiple regression) and thematic qualitative analysis reveal that FQM’s investments have yielded measurable improvements in education (35% rise in girls’ enrollment) and health (25% reduction in maternal mortality), yet have fallen short in sustaining infrastructure and broad‑based economic empowerment (only 37% of projected beneficiaries reached). Regression results (R² = 0.245) highlight initiative familiarity, alignment with community‐identified needs, and priority reflection as significant predictors of perceived effectiveness. Qualitative themes such as “participatory gaps,” “tokenistic deployment,” and “spatial inequities”, further explain uneven outcomes. Recommendations include the formation of co‑chaired community advisory boards, mandatory independent social and environmental audits with a dedicated maintenance fund, and the establishment of demand‑driven vocational training centers in partnership with local government and NGOs. Findings aim to inform mining sector practitioners, policymakers, and academic researchers on designing SSIs that are both responsive and sustainable.